Early Attempts on Gene Modification

Early Attempts on Gene Modification Gene Modification Using Virus as Vehicle In 1974, a geneticist studied the use of a virus as a vehicle for gene therapy by injecting a gene-modified SV40 virus into early mouse embryonic cells. There were two unexpected findings: (1) Even though the viral genes were present in the cells of the newborn mice, the delivery of the viral genes into sperm and eggs was extremely inefficient; and (2) The expression of the viral genes was completely shut down, resulting in an inert gene that did not make RNA or protein. After this setback, there were no major advances in gene therapy for a decade, until biologists discovered embryonic stem cells, or ES cells, in 1981. Gene Modification Using Embryonic Stem Cells A stem cell is a cell that can (1) give rise to other functional cell types, such as nerve cells or skin cells, through differentiation; and (2) renew itself i.e., divide to produce more stem cells. Most stem cells live in particular organs and tissues and can only produce special types of cells. Stems cells in the bone marrow, for example, can only produce blood cells. But embryonic stem cells, which live in the inner sheath of an organisms embryo, are pluripotent, i.e., they can give rise to every cell type in the organism. ES cells also possess some unusual characteristics: (1) they can be isolated from the embryo of an organism and grown in Petrie dishes in the lab; (2) they can be frozen in vials and thawed back to life; (3) the cells can be propagated in liquid broth for generations; and (4) genes can be inserted into their genome or excised from their genome with relative ease. Using stem cells, a scientist could incorporate a genetically-modified gene permanently into the genome of an animal to form transgenic animals. In early 1990s, hundreds of strains of transgenic mice had been created in laboratories around the world to decipher the functions of genes. With gene alterations, one mouse would grow in the dark under blue lamps; others would develop Alzheimers disease, epilepsy, or premature aging.   In 2014, researchers created a mouse carrying a mutation in a gene that control the communication between neurons in the brain. These mice have substantially increased memory and superior cognitive function. Much of the work on ES cells including transgenic modification of embryos had been done using mouse cells. Could this technique be used for humans? In the early 1990s, when human ES cells were derived from early human embryos, scientists found out that human ES cells did not behave in culture. You cant clone them. You cant use them for gene targetingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦They are very different from mouse ES cells, which can do everything. So the transgenic modification of human embryos was out of the question for a while. Gene Therapy Trial for ADA Deficiency Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency is caused by mutations in the ADA gene, depleting the T-cells, resulting in the collapse of the immune system. The only treatment is to the use of a medicine called PEG-ADA, which has to be injected into the blood every month. In 1990, a team of gene therapists, led by William Anderson and Michael Blaese, used variants of retroviral vectors to deliver the ADA gene into children with ADA deficiency. The plan was to put the virus into the T cells taken from the blood of ADA patients, and delivered the cells back into the blood of the patients. The T-cells might live just long enough to make the ADA protein and correct the deficiency. Although the T cells would fade from the blood, the procedure could be repeated. In September, 1990, with the approval of the Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee, Anderson and Blaese performed the gene-therapy trial on two children with ADA deficiency. Did the gene-therapy experiment work? We do not know and perhaps we will never know, because both patients were allowed continued treatment with PEG-ADA. Any effect of the gene therapy was confounded by that medicine. Gene Therapy Trial for OTC Deficiency OTC deficiency is a hereditary disorder caused by the mutation in a single gene involved in metabolism. The mutation causes accumulations of ammonia in the blood, damaging blood vessels and cells, resulting in the slow poisoning of neurons in the brain. In 1993, two pediatricians in Pennsylvania, Mark Batshaw and James Wilson, experimented with gene therapy to cure children with OTC deficiencies. The form of therapy that Wilson and Batshaw had in mind was more radical than the protocol used by Anderson and Blaese for ADA deficiency. Batshaw and Wilson would create a virus carrying the OTC gene and deliver the virus into the liver through the bloodstream, leaving the virus to infect cells in situ. The virus-infected liver cells would produce the OTC enzyme, correcting the enzyme deficiency.    In the summer of 1993, Batshaw and Wilson injected the modified adenovirus into mice and monkeys. The mouse experiments worked as predicted, but the monkey experiments were more complicated: some monkeys had liver failure and one monkey died. Wilson and Batshaw changed the virus, and reduced the potential human dose to ensure the safety of the virus. In 1997, they received the approval of the Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee to perform the trial on patients with mild variants of OTC. On the morning of September 13, 1999, Jesse Gelsinger, an eighteen-year-old patient with mild variants of OTC, received the viral injection. Jesse died on the fourth day after the gene delivery. Investigation into the OTC Trial A postmortem the OTC trial reveal a damming pattern of incompetence, blunders, and neglect, compounded by fundamental gaps in knowledge. An analysis of Jesses blood at autopsy found antibodies highly reactive to the virus dating back even before the viral injection. The hyperactive immune response, which was possibly triggered by a prior exposure to a common cold, had spiraled out of control for unknown reasons In January, 2000, when the FDA inspected twenty-eight other trials, nearly half of them required immediate remedial action. Justifiably alarmed, the FDA shut down nearly all the trials.

The New Plant Manager

CASE 1: THE NEW PLANT MANAGER I. TITLE: The New Plant Manager II. POINT OF VIEW: As a Manager III. THE PROBLEM: How can the company even without Toby Butterfield meet its budget and productivity quotas? IV. OBJECTIVES: 1. To understand why organizational behavior is important in an organization. 2. To know the appropriate attitude of a manager in an organization. 3. To analyze organization behavior from the perspective of learning of an organization. V. AREAS OF CONSIDERATION: 1. The Organizational Behavior Organizational behavior speaks about how an individual or a group of people acts within an organization.As a plant manager he must consider how to act professionally. He must know how to act the proper organization behavior even though he is the head of the plant. 2. The Newly Assigned Assistant Plant Manager The Montclair Company is having difficulty meeting its budget & production quotas, the main reason why Toby Butterfield was promoted as the new assistant plant manager of the company. 3. The SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis is a structured planning method used to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. Strengths- Butterfield as a new assistant plant supervisor produced a remarkable result in the company’s production quotas in which the productivity quickly exceeded by 7 percent and within five months the plant was within budget. †¢Weaknesses- Butterfield being ambitious and power-oriented wherein he dismissed three supervisors who had failed to meet their production quotas and as a result five other supervisors resigned. †¢Opportunities- Promotion to New York home office because of his outstanding record. †¢Threats- The fall of productivity after Butterfield left the Houston Plant. VI.ALTERNATIVE COURSES: 1. The remaining employees should plan for what is the best thing to do in order to meet its budget and productivity quotas. Advantages: †¢They can come up to new ideas to improve their productivity. †¢They can prove to themselves that even without Butterfield they can still help the company to meet their quotas and budget. †¢They could gain unity. Disadvantages: †¢It is not easily for them to meet their quotas and budget for a few moments because it takes time to plan for new ideas. †¢Planning needs a lot of time in order for it to be implemented to the company. 2.Even without Butterfield, the company would still adopt the organization behavior of him being power-oriented because it helped a lot the company in meeting its budget and productivity quotas. Advantages: †¢It is easy for them to cope up with this kind of organization behavior because Butterfield had already ruled them when he was still in the company. †¢In this way, the company will easily meet their budget and quotas just like few months when Butterfield was still the plant manager of the Houston Plant. †¢Adopting the said organization behavior would help the employees be more competent. Disadvantages: This may be the reason of some employees to resign because they do not like the way of ruling them. †¢This can also be the reason of some supervisor-employee issues. †¢Newly employed employees will have a hard time adjusting with this kind of supervision. 3. Each of the employees must be assigned of their own areas of responsibility to work with in order to help their company meet their budget and production quotas. Advantages: †¢Each of them can focus to the area in were they are assigned only. †¢They could help themselves improve the way they handle responsibilities. †¢They could gain self-confidence in handling responsibilities.Disadvantages: †¢They will not have company unity. †¢This may be the reason of some employee conflicts because the work of the other did not complement to the work of others. †¢This may be result of the delay of work because some may not meet the target time of passing the reports. VII. RECOMMENDATION : Based on the situation given the best alternative the company must use is the alternative no. 2, adopting the organization behavior of Butterfield that is being power-oriented because it is a big helps to the company. Because of this, it is easy for the company to meet their budget and productivity quotas.

Hitler s Downfall Of The Weimar Government - 1262 Words

In November, Hitler was trying to get more power and support, and a way he did this was by trying to take advantage of how bad the condition of the Weimar government was. He did this by instigating a major riot throughout Weimar. It seemed like a full proof plan and situation, but miscalculations made it a flop and Hitler ending up in jail. At first, the Nazis were not taken seriously and had little to no power. Then, Hitler brought a group of young mean without jobs to become soldiers for him, and he would call them storm troopers, or the SA. During the Weimar crisis, Hitler made a plan with nationalist political images, Kahr and Lossow, to over take Munich in a riot. Hitler had a giant army of SAs, but knew that the loss of control would come if he didn’t give them anything to do, so that’s when he prepared them to rebel, but suddenly, Kahr and Lossow cancelled the rebellion. It was difficult for Hitler because he had 3,000 troops ready to go to battle. On November 8th, Hitler and 600 SAs crashed a meeting that Kahr and Lossow were hosting at a Beer Hall. Threatening them, Hitler made them agree to rebel. The SA then took over army headquarters and offices of newspapers. The next day, November 9th, The Nazis, including Hitler, went to Munich thinking that would be a victory march to take over, but Kahr called in the police and army, and there was a brief brawl, which involved the police killing 16 Nazis. During that situation, Hitler ran away, but was found and sentShow MoreRelated The Flaws of the Weimar Constitution Essay1195 Words   |  5 PagesThe Flaws of the Weimar Constitution The majority of people believe that it was the Weimar constitution which was fundamentally flawed and that this damaged the long term prospects of the Weimar republic, although strong points can be identified in the constitution which support the argument that the constitution wasnt to blame for the republics downfall. From this some historians have determined that the role of the constitution in the downfall of the republic isRead MoreThe Rise And Fall Of The Third Reich1193 Words   |  5 PagesThe Weimar Constitution was a genuine attempt to create a perfect democratic country. In his book The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich (1960), American historian William L. Shirer described the Weimar Constitution as on paper, the most liberal and democratic document of its kind the twentieth century had ever seen ... full of ingenious and admirable devices which seemed to guarantee the working of an almost flawless democracy.† The constitution guaranteed equal rights to the German people, yet alsoRead MoreModern History Germany 1918-19451618 Words   |  7 PagesEssay Question B To what extent did the weaknesses in the Weimar Republic account for the growth and rise to power of the Nazi Party to 1933? The Weimar Republic was created in 1919 with the abdication of Wilhelm II. The new government was the body that signed the Treaty of Versailles, and to many, this was a betrayal. The consequences of Versailles were severe to Germany, and many were looking for someone to blame, the government was the ideal scape goat. Communists and the right saw an opportunityRead MoreFailures Of Adolf Hitler1616 Words   |  7 PagesAdolf Hitler is one of the most notorious villains in all of history for his unspeakable crimes against humanity, but how he came to be so powerful is not often known. He effectively attained utmost power through both self-activation, and his ability to acclimate to the social conditions posed in Germany at this time. Hitler rose to sovereignty on the strength of his personality and vision, and through a tactic called coercive power. His followers swore allegiance to him and no one else. Adolf HitlerRead MoreHitler s Rise Of Power1716 Words   |  7 Pagesstate that Hi tler could not have risen to power in any other than Germany, implying that he was nothing more than a product of German culture. From others perspective they believe that Hitler made himself dictator by means of his political genius. And yet still theirs others that profess it was the weak democratic government of the Weimar Republic or Germany’s social and economic scene in the 1930’s that made the people restless and prepared for a dictator to come to power. Hitler s rise to powerRead MoreIb Contemporary World : The Economic, Political, And Religious Polarization Of Society1164 Words   |  5 Pageseconomic polarization Beginning with Zollverein (1833) By abolishing tolls, the Zollverein made Germany a common market. Industrialization was much farther behind than the rest of Europe → Germany tried to catch up, but did not succeed in doing so. 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Evidence would suggest that the Wall Street Crash was a major factor in the Nazis rise to power, however there were other factors such as the fall of the Weimar Republic andRead MoreThe War Guilt Clause And Reparations2609 Words   |  11 PagesThe mandate of Article(s) 231 and 232 , (respectively titled â€Å"The War Guilt Clause† and â€Å"Reparations†) of the Treaty of Versailles on June 28th, 1919 served as unintentional catalysts for the arise of revisionism in post-war Germany, and its fall out of the international order following the Paris Peace Conference. These two articles politically, socially, and economically ravaged Germany, and created societal circumstances in which a totalitarian dictatorship (the National Socialist German WorkersRead MoreThe Rise Of Nazism By John Maynard Keynes3444 Words   |  14 Pages1930’s which enabled a gross mediocrity to rise to national prominence is an absurd hypothesis’ Although it could be said that economic problems in Germany played a bigger and more important role in enabling the Nazi’s rise to power and that the problems were important to allowing the party attack its political opposition and empower their political message. In 1929 the American stock market collapsed. The crash had caused the collapse of 11 large German industries. 3 major banks and 100’s of smallRead MoreHitlers Rise to Power1749 Words   |  7 PagesZahra Lahgazi The Causes of Hitlers Rise to Power The 30th of January, 1933 marks the day in which Germany and to a greater extent the world was rocked forever. Why? Because the leader of the Nazis, a nationalist and socialist party was signed in as the chancellor of Germany. His name, Adolf Hitler, has grown to be recognised as one of the most hated in history to this day. How did this malicious man grasp the power of Germany? It turns out that some of the causes sprouted from some of the darkest

Business Ethics Of Anglo American Company - 1149 Words

Anglo-American Company represents one of the companies that respect business ethics by treating employees fairly. This practice has not been previously employed in the enterprise. I have previously worked with this company as an attachà ©, and I did not like the experience of being coordinated by the previous manager. This manager mainly used to overwork and mistreat us. However, the company realized a new trend towards employees’ treatment after recruiting Mr. Long as the new company manager. During the first meeting as the manager, Mr. Long issued a long statement that seemed to touch on the importance of recognizing employees’ effort. Towards the end of his speech, Mr. Long announced his decision to reinstate three employees that had previously been sacked after getting involved in a road accident while going to work. â€Å"They are our brothers,† recounted the new manager after calling the names of three managers. Apparently, the accident did not occur when the employees were within the business premises. Therefore, a legal process that ensued concluded that the company was not liable for their accident insurance cover. Although the company catered for their medical expenses, no compensations were awarded because of involvement in an accident. To our surprise, what awaited them was another discouraging update. The previous manager had already signed their termination letters. According to the previous manager, retaining incompetent employees in the business was an easy way ofShow MoreRelatedEthical Business Behavior: Primark and Anglo-American Case Study1740 Words   |  7 PagesBehavior: Primark and Anglo-American Ethical business behavior and the costs and benefits for a company behaving ethically In recent times there has been an emphasis on following business ethics, as it is believed to have an impact on the way business is run and how its prospects turn out. In the past, business ethics were often ignored, as entrepreneurs had other priorities that took the front seat to ethics, such as, profit-making and stakeholder interests. However, business ethics are a tool to improveRead MoreEthical Theories920 Words   |  4 Pages2. Ethical Theories used to justify Anglo-American’s Obligation to the ethical issue in Chilean Mines 2.1 Virtue Ethics: In virtue ethical theory, an individual is judged by his character rather than by his actions that may deviate from his normal behavior (Fraedrich, Ferrel and Ferrel, 2009). In Chile’s case, application of virtue ethics justifies the following mishaps: Fairness: With Research gathered from the case study, contract workers are assigned much more dangerous tasks with greatRead MoreBusiness Ethics : More Important Than You Think1577 Words   |  7 PagesEnglish 3, Period 8 30 January 2015 Business Ethics: More Important Than You Think There is no debate that building a business from the ground up is a difficult thing to do. Then, take into account all of the nuts and bolts, the little things that go into running a business. You have employees, inventory, stock, finances and everything that might slip through the cracks to worry about. Most importantly businesses have public perceptions. This very thing defines a business and how successful it may or mayRead MoreWhat Are The Pros And Cons Of Anglo American Plc In South Africa1144 Words   |  5 PagesSubmission Case: Anglo American PLC in South Africa (from Lesson 5) 1. Who are the various stakeholders that Anglo American needs to consider as it adopts an effective HIV/AIDs strategy? o Anglo American’s stakeholders are its employees, the employee’s families, their communities that they reside in. Political officials, health organization, its shareholders, hospitals, drug companies and anyone else that may be affected or can help this health epidemic. This is not a problem just for Anglo, it’s alsoRead MoreAnglo American Corporate Social Responsibility1514 Words   |  7 PagesFriedman (1970) considered that: â€Å"†¦business as a whole cannot be said to have responsibility†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , the improvement of the notion of Anglo-American corporate social responsibility (CSR) has rapidly expanded. This essay will review the important concept around Anglo-American CSR, its development and provide a verdict on the extent whether liberalisation, globalisation, and developments in the markets for debts and equity are impacting the tradition view of an Anglo-American public corporation and the natureRead MoreBusiness Ethics And Corporate Social Responsibility Essay1382 Words   |  6 PagesSOLUTION Business Ethics Business ethics are moral principles that guide the way a business behaves. The same principles that determine an individual’s actions also apply to business. Acting in an ethical way involves distinguishing between â€Å"right† and â€Å"wrong† and then making the â€Å"right† choice. It is relatively easy to identify unethical business practices. For example, companies should not use child labor. They should not unlawfully use copyrighted materials and processes. They should not engageRead MoreAnglo American Corporate Social Responsibility1501 Words   |  7 PagesFriedman (1970) considered that: â€Å"†¦business as a whole cannot be said to have responsibility†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , the improvement of the notion of Anglo-American corporate social responsibility (CSR) has rapidly expanded. This essay will review the important concept around Anglo-American CSR, its development and provide a verdict on the extent whether liberalisation, globalisation, and developments in the markets for debts and equity are impacting the tradition view of an Anglo-American public corporation and the natureRead MoreThe Role Of Anglo Amer ican Acting As A Moral Agent Essay1876 Words   |  8 Pagesrole of Anglo American acting as a moral agent in its mining projects Ethical behaviour Anglo American workers were fired or resigned because of the default in the principles in 2009. The defaults were covered by conflicts of interest, dishonesty, harassment, violence and acts that were likely to result in the disrepute of the company. The company follows an uncompromised rule in maintaining the ethical conduct. Whistle-blowing Whistle-blowing is an independent way of letting the Anglo American stakeholdersRead MoreCase: Anglo American Plc in South Africa (from Lesson 5) Essay1822 Words   |  8 PagesCase: Anglo American PLC in South Africa (from Lesson 5) 1 Who are the various stakeholders that Anglo American needs to consider as it adopts an effective HIV/AIDs strategy? - Anglo American employees and their families - Government bodies - Non- Profit organizations (NGOs)/ World Health Organization (WHO) - Competitors/ Other large mining concerns or companies operating in South Africa - Pharmaceutical companies - National Union of Mine Workers - Financial Institutions - ShareholdersRead MoreBecoming Mexican American Essay1313 Words   |  6 PagesBecoming Mexican American George J. Sanchez Becoming Mexican American is George J. Sanchez’s document how Chicanos survived as a community in Los Angeles during the first part of the twentieth century. He goes into detail of how many thousands of Mexicans were pushed back in to Mexico during a formal repatriation. Those that survived in Los Angeles joined labor unions and became involved in New Deal politics. The experience of Mexican-Americans in the United States is both similar, yet different

War On The War Of Art - 1658 Words

War in Art Introduction Everybody thinks they know what art should be. But very few of them have the sense that is necessary to experience painting, that is the sense of sight, that sees colors and forms as living reality in the picture. -- Otto Dix (Mulch, page 1) War in art. It was not an easy job and yet to this day has not gotten easier. There are two different sides when it comes to war art. On one side, the artists are going out onto the battlefield during the horrifying war so that they can portray the events going on during the war. Going out onto a battlefield, in the middle of a war, camping out in trenches to illustrate the events going on during the war. On the other hand, it is a chance to view different point of views going on during the war and was a good way to portray the events going on during the war and the aftermath of the war as well. Historical Content War art, believe it or not, has been going on for more than 2800 years now and counting. People from BCE have been finding ways to portray war art and people today are still finding ways to portray war art. The history of war art expands back to wars in B.C.E. War art from B.C.E was portrayed by rock engravings, cupules, painting on walls, pottery and many other ways. The art from B.C.E was a way to show others how the warriors fight during the war just like how modern day war art is created. In 246 BCE to 208 BCE, the era of Roman art commenced which was inveigled by Hellenistic (Greek) paintingShow MoreRelatedThe Art of War1442 Words   |  6 PagesThe Art of War - a brief analysis The Art of War is one of the oldest and most successful books on military strategy. It composed of 13 chapters, each of which is based on philosophy, used the idea of philosophy to observe the war, discussed and find out the general rule of war. Though it is very short, it devoted to one aspect of warfare. The Art of War has a perfect logic system. These 13 chapters, no matter more or less will influence the main idea. Just like the first chapter is Laying PlansRead MoreThe Art of War1441 Words   |  6 PagesTHE ART OF WAR REACTION PAPER Sun Tzu, the author of The Art of War, wrote one of the oldest and famous books to be written in history. The Art of War, is a Chinese military treatise that has become more than just for military use, it’s utilized in almost all aspects of today’s world. Businesses, sports, politics, education, and so many more have interpreted The Art of War and used it in their everyday lives. The Art of War portrays fighting as a guide serving a dual purpose, suggesting that strategyRead MoreThe Art of War1877 Words   |  8 Pagesstrategist known as Sun Tzu wrote one of the enduring classics of military theory. Most likely written during a period of Chinese history referred to as the ‘Warring States’ period, Sun Tzu’s The Art of War has continued to be studied by military strategists for millennia. Even today, The Art of War is required reading for Naval Officer Candidates. At nearly the same time in the fourth century B.C., the Greek city-states were facin g invasion from the mighty Persian army. Vastly outnumbered, theRead MoreArt in War 2048 Words   |  8 PagesArt in War A pioneer of artistic influence in American culture, Frederick Childe Hassam led the revolution of art in the World War I era. In the midst of a world crisis, Hassam became a trailblazer of his own technique; he promoted a new form of Impressionism that not only reinforced the subtlety and free-flow style of French Impressionism, but also reinforced the vivacity and tenacity that he wanted to express. Amalgamating the techniques of French Impressionism with the nationalistic valuesRead MoreThe Art of War Analysis1106 Words   |  5 PagesThe Art of War Analysis The Art of War was one of our world’s first written documents that dealt with militaristic strategies and advancements. The book was written by a Chinese military leader named Sun Tzu, who commanded and analyzed his military over the Warring States Period of China. Sun Tzu produced this text in an attempt to provide future military advantages for the Chinese, but The Art of War’s ideas eventually spread to neighboring civilizations and empires. The ideas and facts expressedRead MoreArt of War Summary1109 Words   |  5 PagesArt of War is a famous Chinese military strategy book written by Sun Tzu, an ancient Chinese military general. He was famous during his time and for his work entitled Art of War, which made him known even up to our century. According to Wallace (2010), Sun Tzu is the author of one of the most prominent pieces of literature during the era of the Warring States in which China entered around the first millennium B.C.E. In this work of art Sun Tzu tak es a rational approach to the problem of conflictRead MoreArt of War Summary1109 Words   |  5 PagesArt of War is a famous Chinese military strategy book written by Sun Tzu, an ancient Chinese military general. He was famous during his time and for his work entitled Art of War, which made him known even up to our century. According to Wallace (2010), Sun Tzu is the author of one of the most prominent pieces of literature during the era of the Warring States in which China entered around the first millennium B.C.E. In this work of art Sun Tzu takes a rational approach to the problem of conflictRead MoreThe Prince And The Art Of War890 Words   |  4 PagesGeneral: During the early European renaissance, military and political influencer Niccolo Machiavelli published several influential works, including The Prince and The Art of War. His work s greatest impacts were expanding on the brutal nature of realpolitik and realism to maintain peace within a highly competitive system and pr omoting the war manpower shift from mercenaries to citizen militias with buy-in. Many nation-states use his political and military ideals as a basis for their own statecraft andRead MoreThe Art of War for Managers1438 Words   |  6 PagesThe Art of War for Managers While â€Å"The Art of War† was written by Sun Tzu during the 6th century B.C., long before the colonization of the Americas, the onslaught of the Crusades, and before the Persian Wars of around 490 B.C., it remains relevant to this day. There is also strong evidence that the work inspired Napoleon and was used in the planning of Operation Desert Storm. â€Å"The Art of War† has withstood the sands of time due to its simplistic approach, and its applicability to non-militaryRead MoreThe Art of War Essays2163 Words   |  9 PagesThe earliest known writings on war did not take the form of treatises but narratives. Poems, such as those by Homer and the Epic of Gilgamesh glorified heroes while prose accounts carved into Egyptian, Assyrian, and Babylonian monuments described individual campaigns and battles. However, these tales with their gods and godlike heroes may or may not have contained any historical truths. In China a third type of military writing emerged. Afte r the fall of the Chou (c. 400 BC) China divided into principalities

Informative Speech on Funerals Free Essays

Death, sounds scary right? But, have you ever thought in something else besides the moment itself? Have you thought about what your body is going to be done with? Oh sure, a regular funeral or a cremation may come right away to your head. But, let’s stop at regular for a moment. What is actually a regular funeral? Is it really putting your body in a coffin and burying it in a graveyard? What would you think if I tell you that you can have a Coca-cola coffin, a fish or a car coffin? What would you think if I tell you that your relatives can keep your skull as some sort of souvenir? What would you think if I tell you that you can even be buried in the sky? You would probably think I’m crazy or something, but I’m not. We will write a custom essay sample on Informative Speech on Funerals or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is actually the way in which some people from Ghana, Austria and China carry on their funerals. For the Ga tribe, funerals are a time of mourning, but also of celebration. They believe that when their loved ones die, they move on into another life and they make sure they do so in style. They honor their dead with brightly colored coffins that celebrate the way they lived. These coffins are designed to represent an aspect of the dead person’s life, such as a car if they were a driver, a fish if their livelihood was the sea or a sewing machine for a seamstress. They might also symbolize a vice, such as a bottle of beer or a cigarette. Now, let’s travel to Europe. Hallstatt. It’s between a mountain and lake, so therefore has very limited burial space. To solve this problem they would allow for the remains of their dead to lie in the cemetery for 12 years only. When the time was up the bones would be exhumed and moved to a charnel, but the skull would be kept. It would be tastefully decorated with the name of the deceased, a cross and plants. It would then be displayed in a chapel. Although cremation has now been allowed in the village this custom still takes place. So, what about being buried in the sky? We’ll have to go all the way to the southwest of china. The Tibet. For Tibetans the most common and regular funerals are the Sky Burials, which consists of cutting a person’s body in â€Å"strategic† places (euphemism for â€Å"likely to attract wildlife†) and placing the loved one on top of a mountain or temple. Then just wait for the magic to happen! The magic being that the vultures will then pick apart the flesh until what’s left is a pile of bones, which are either mashed into a bird feed pulp. This type of funeral is considered to be environmental friendly, because it doesn’t involve any wood burning or waiting years until the body is turned into organin matter. It’s the most effective way of getting rid of human bodies. Tibetans call the practice jhator, which means giving arms to the birds. And also legs, torsos and heads as well. So, if you want to have a classy funeral with a fancy coffin that represents your lifestyle you’d like it to happen in Ghana, but if you’re looking for a strange, creepy, sadististic, and environmental caring funeral your best choices may be Hallstatt, in Austria, or the Tibet, in China. What are regular funerals for you now? How to cite Informative Speech on Funerals, Essay examples

Identify Evaluate Marketing Opportunities -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Identify Evaluate Marketing Opportunities? Answer: Introducation To gain a competitive advantage in the market, Tongs Chinese Eatery can use the fact that it has a reputed customer service. The restaurant has been in the vicinity for over 15 years and despite the change in the marketing environment, the basic factors required for satisfying the customers remain the same. The happiness of the staffs and the fact that the restaurant has grown steadily can provide opportunities for further growth and be more competitive. Based on the analysis of the opportunity and the fact that there exists a new threat in the market, it can be said that Tong's Eatery needs to adopt an appropriate marketing method for its success. According to Armstrong, Kotler, Harker and Brennan (2015), the marketing methods provide opportunities for organisations to select the best practice that can be used to retain customers. In this case, Tong's can use the relationship market which allows the restaurant to establish a good relation with the customers. Having been in the busin ess for 15 years, this form of marketing can help the restaurant to solve its failing standards and attract customers by making the remain loyal to the services provided. Conducting a SWOT analysis Based on the evidence derived from the case study, a SWOT analysis can be conducted to find out opportunities and align it with the capabilities and strengths of the restaurant. Strength Lengthy success in the market Potent restaurant time Prime location Weakness Lack of employees Steady drop in profit Drop in revenue Opportunities Huge area Satisfied employees High quality service Threat New competition in the market Growing concern of consuming fast food Lack of a proper manager Table 1: SWOT analysis (Source: Created by author) The SWOT analysis show that Tongs can use the length of success they had as an opportunity to eliminate the most important threat. In this case, the biggest threat that the company faces is the other Chinese restaurant across the street. Other opportunities that the restaurant have is the fact that it has a large area of operations and that employees and customers remain satisfied with the kind of service provided by the restaurant. The huge area that the restaurant have can open up opportunities for the introduction of various events. It is already established that the restaurant is involved in managing functions that help in attracting the customers. Hence, the customers can be satisfied by providing innovative methods in the vacant space that they have. This can be an advantage for the restaurant as it proves that it has enough strength and capability that can be converted into opportunities. Identifying potential new markets To ensure that the restaurant business does not lose out its ground, Tongs can look to expand its business in the international market. The expansion can be made in other areas within the locality as an outlet to gain some profits owing to the fact that the financial condition of the restaurant has not been good as of now. As stated by Babin and Zikmund (2015) it is important for every business organisation to analyse the potential opportunities and threat it may receive in the new markets. Hence, Tong has to ensure that the factors that have forced the loss of finances in the business at present do not affect them again during its expansion in new areas. The new area can help Tong to gain finances for the business if the restaurant maintains its original features and adds innovate features taking into consideration the market at which they are expanding. Identifying innovative approaches and creative ideas According to Hollensen (2015), in order to eliminate any kind of threat it is necessary to be creative so that the competitors may find it difficult to match its potential. However, the creativity need to be unique and the innovative approach need to be financially viable for a company. In this case of Tongs the restaurant can ensure that the take away orders are replaced by online delivery of products. The restaurant can make delivery of food to the customers leaving within the range of 30 minutes. At the restaurant, Tongs can make improvement by providing an atmosphere the provides music for the customers. The dishes that they make can be creative with the use of new ingredients that can help the customers gain a new taste. Apart from this, the part of the area that they have can be used to conduct parties and provide it on lease for the celebration of birthdays. This can help Tong's to gain more revenue from the area. Hence, based on the opportunities that the restaurant possess, it can be said that such improvements can help Tong's to remain competitive in the business. Describing marketing opportunities Based on the SWOT analysis, it can be said that the marketing opportunities that Tong's have included a huge marketing area. The fact that the restaurant can arrange functions in the area indicates that the owners take into account the entertainment level of the customers. This aligns with the goal of the restaurant that states that the satisfaction of the customers is important for the business. Apart from this, the other opportunity that has been identified is that the employees remain satisfied. This may be because of the fact that they have a small number of employees. The level of satisfaction that they provide to the customers enriches the restaurant with an opportunity to gain more finances. Hence, the employees get better pay and work efficiently for the welfare of the restaurant. Thus, it can be said that these factors can have a huge impact on the profitability of the restaurant. Despite the drop in revenue, Tong's can use the marketing opportunity to good effect so that th ey can gain a competitive advantage in the market. Determining financial viability External factors: According to Jackson and Ahuja (2016), while trying to gain an opportunity in the market, it is necessary that every organisation analyse the external factors. This includes the political, social economic and technical factors. However, the real threat is the economic factor as it helps in the assessing the financial viability of an organisation. In the case of Tong's, this is definitely an important factor as the restaurant need to increase its revenue. Hence, the economic factor associated with the externalities is essential for the upliftment of the restaurant. This is particularly important while trying to satisfy the customers. Cost and benefits: It can be said that the cost of availing the opportunities can be high as the restaurant need to analyse the situations that exist in the market. However, the benefit of such opportunity is that Tong can gain back the financial viability that it possesses so that they can compete with the new Chinese restaurant. With the huge area of space that they have, Tongs can look to expand the functioning area, as it is a source of income for the restaurant. Risk: As stated by Kline (2016) without risks companies cannot succeed. This is because to understand the rate of success and analyse the capabilities, it is necessary that every company take risks in innovation or expansion. In the case of Tong's the restaurant need to be involved in both innovations as well as expansion. However, the financial risk factor can exist as the restaurant has suffered the huge financial set back in the recent years. Hence, it is necessary that these factors that help in creating opportunities are analysed based on finances of the restaurant before implementing it. Describing and ranking marketing opportunities The marketing opportunities as described in the SWOT analysis earlier include the satisfaction of the employees and the customers along with a huge special area for conducting functions. In terms of ranking these opportunities, it can be said that the most important marketing opportunity is the satisfaction of the customers. This is because without the satisfaction of the customers, Tong's cannot get the finances required for eliminating the threats. The satisfaction of the customers will lead to the satisfaction of the employees as the customers may tip well and provide a good word for the services provided to them (Jelfs and Thomson 2016). Thus, with a load of finances and an increase in the revenue Tong's can use the huge area of land for expanding the area of a restaurant or make innovative stuff such as a playground for the children or a pool, for the customers to enjoy a poolside dining experience. Thus, it can be said that this is an innovative factor that Tongs can use for ga ining a competitive advantage in the market. However, without the satisfaction of the customers, Tongs cannot maintain any other opportunities that present itself in front of the restaurant. Determining return on investment against key performance indicators The competitor analysis of Tongs include the number of employees that the new restaurant have and the number of seats that it has. The number of seats factor can be crucial for Tongs as the restaurant chain have over 200 seats after 15 years in the business. However, the new restaurant started with 200 seats making it more financially stable than Tong. Hence, the key performance indicators of Tong include the manner in which the restaurant can apply its business in the market at crucial times. In this case, the return on investment need to be judged based on the returns the restaurant receives from the customers. To ensure a proper return on investment, Tongs need to make a proper marketing analysis that can help the restaurant to understand the necessities of the customers. Risk may be involved in this case, as the use of the space that the company have may not help in increasing the financial condition of the restaurant. Hence, it is necessary that the restaurant analyse this facto r before making investments on the customers. Developing process to identify and document changes As per the research of the case study, it is seen that the major issue that Tongs restaurant have faced is the threat received from the competing Chinese restaurant across the street. It is evident that since the opening of the restaurant, the revenue of Tongs had a steady decline in the finances. Hence, the financial condition of the restaurant needs to increase by undertaking a proper analysis of the market. Changes need to be made in the number of employees that the restaurant have. They need to increase the number of chefs and the waiters so that they can cope up with the demand of the customers. The changes can be documented in the database so that the effectiveness of the changes can be monitored. The process to identify the change includes continuous monitoring of the finances. This can help in understanding the effectiveness of the changes that may follow. Ensuring changes maintain the quality of service Huang and Sarigll (2014) stated that most of the times it is seen that changes made in an organisational setting lead to a negative impact on the productivity. The quality of the products is also hampered due to the changes. Hence, in this case. Tong's need to ensure that the changes made in bringing in new chef does not hamper the quality of food served by the restaurant. It is evident from the case study that the quality of service provided by Tongs have made them into a favourite among the customers. Hence, it is necessary that the restaurant maintain the quality of service so that the customers do not get disappointed. This can be done by recruiting top chefs and efficient waiters. Experienced campaigners in this field can help Tong's to maintain the quality of service despite the changes implemented in the restaurant. Determining resource requirements To implement changes it is necessary that organisations gain the support of the employees (Chan, Hwang and Wu 2016). This is mainly because of the fact that employees are the ones that resist changes in an organisation. However, in the case of Tongs, such resistance cannot be done as the restaurant is short on employees and it is necessary for them to gain more support staffs. However, the resources that they require for making such recruitments are the financial capability. The drop in the revenue have had a negative impact on the restaurant and it is necessary that Tongs use the finances it has to make smart recruitments. Tongs also need to keep in mind that training may be needed to be provided to the employees working as waiters. Hence, the financial resource is important for Tongs to maintain the changes in an effective manner. Developing communication strategy To ensure that the changes that are to be made are informed to the employees, it is necessary that every organisation maintain a proper communication strategy (Keller 2017). The communication strategies that can help to motivate the employees understand about the need to maintain the changes. Hence, Tongs communicate changes with the employees using the verbal method. This is mainly because the number of employees is small in the restaurant and the verbal communication with the employees can help in gaining the opinions of the employees about the changes that need to be implemented in the restaurant. This can be a strategy to motivate employees by involving them in the discussions related to the improvement of the restaurant. References Armstrong, Kotler, Harker and Brennan, 2015. Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Babin and Zikmund, 2015. 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